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The Bombardment of Madras was an engagement of the First World War, at Madras (now Chennai), British India. The bombardment was initiated by the German light cruiser ''Emden'' at the outset of the war in 1914. With Captain Karl von Müller in command, on the night of 22 September 1914, SMS ''Emden'' quietly approached the city of Madras on the southeastern coast of the Indian peninsula. After entering the Madras harbour area and observing for a moment, Müller gave the order to engage at 9:30 pm, and ''Emden'' opened fire at a range of 3,000 yards on several large oil tanks within the harbour belonging to the Burmah Oil Company. After the first thirty rounds, the oil tanks were in flames. After bombing the fuel tanks, ''Emden'' moved on to a small merchant ship in the harbour, which was quickly sunk by ''Emden''s deck guns. The worst casualties experienced that night were among the crew of the merchant vessel, 26 of whom were injured. At least five sailors were killed on board the ship or died later of injuries. The action lasted half an hour, until 10:00 pm, by which time the British shore batteries had begun to respond. However, ''Emden'' slipped away undamaged. In all, 125 shells were fired by the Germans. Although the raid did little damage to Madras, it was a severe blow to British morale, and thousands of people fled the city. Madras was the only Indian city to come under attack by the forces of the Central Powers during the First World War.〔Captain Geoffrey Bennet, ''Naval Battles of the First World War'', Penguin Books, reprint 2001〕 == Further reading == * Frame, Tom. (2004). (''No Pleasure Cruise: The Story of the Royal Australian Navy.'' ) Sydney: Allen & Unwin ISBN 978-1-74114-233-4 (paper) *Hoehling, A.A.'' LONELY COMMAND A DOCUMENTARY'' Thomas Yoseloff, Inc., 1957. *Hoyt, Edwin P. ''The Last Cruise of the Emden: The Amazing True World War I Story of a German-Light Cruiser and Her Courageous Crew''. The Lyons Press, 2001. ISBN 1-58574-382-8. *Hohenzollern, Franz Joseph, Prince of ''EMDEN: MY EXPERIENCES IN S.M.S. EMDEN''. New York: G. Howard Watt, 1928. *Lochner, R. K. ''Last Gentleman-Of-War: Raider Exploits of the Cruiser Emden'' Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1988. ISBN 0-87021-015-7. *McClement, Fred. ''Guns in paradise''. Paper Jacks, 1979. ISBN 0-7701-0116-X. *Mücke, Hellmuth von. ''The Emden-Ayesha Adventure: German Raiders in the South Seas and Beyond, 1914''. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2000. ISBN 1-55750-873-9. *Schmalenbach, Paul ''German raiders: A history of auxiliary cruisers of the German Navy, 1895-1945''. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1979. ISBN 0-87021-824-7. *Van der Vat, Dan. ''Gentlemen of War, The Amazing Story of Captain Karl von Müller and the SMS Emden''. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. 1984. ISBN 0-688-03115-3 *Walter, John ''The Kaiser's Pirates: German Surface Raiders in World War One''. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1994. ISBN 1-55750-456-3. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bombardment of Madras」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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